Oil burner



Sept. l0, 1940. w. c. WEANER OIL BURNER Filed July 6. 1937 INVENTOR. WALTER C. WEA NER. BY y( DIL SUPPLY FLOAT ('OIYTRUL IMLI/E Ta mainfan mnslzmt level l /f/ f /l/ ATTORNEY.

Patented Sept. 10, 1940 UNITED vSTATES PATENT OFFICE onl BURNER walter o. Weaner, Muncie, Ina.

v Application July 6, 1937, Serial'No. 152,153

I 1 claim. (crus-91) This invention relates to improvements in heater devices wherein combustion isv obtained from the mixture of air and the hydrocarbons derived from liquids such as fuel oil.

5 A device ofthe above description and which is commonly called an oil burner consists, broadly stated, of a metal bowl shaped combustion pot having a central dome provided with an oil orifice through which fuel oil is eXuded, an inlet pipe through which the fuel oil is fed to said orifice, an air intake manifold having its nozzle at position above the `said dome, and. Where the air that is drawn through said manifold, is dis'- charged, combustion taking place in the Zone above and about the said dome. v

Objects of my invention are to provide im provements in a burner of the above description whereby the process of combustion is improved, noise is diminished, tendency of carbonization in the fuel, inlet pipe and orifice is prevented, facility for the dislodging of sediment in and about the orifice is afforded, and withal; whereby the burner lends itself readily to the use of control means thatl automatically cuts off the oil supply at moments when predetermined levels are reached.

The aforenamed objects, as well as other and more'specic aims of my invention are accomplished by, and the invention is embodied in the new construction, combination and arangement of parts described in the following specification, and" illustrated in the accompanying drawing.

In the drawing- Figure 1 is a top plan view of my improved oilv burner, portions of the air intake manifold being broken `away. Y Y

Figure 2 is a vertical central sectional view taken on the line 2 2, and as seen in the direction of arrow 2 in Figure 1. y

Figure 3 is acentral vertical sectional view taken'on the line 3 3, and as seen in the direc- (tion of yarrow 3 in Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a top plan View of Figure 3, a porv tion of the combustion potbeing broken away.

Figure 5` is an lenlarged bottom plan view taken on the line 5 5, and as seen in the direction of arrow 5 in Figure 2, enlarged.

. Figure 6 is a diagrammatic view showing a typical installation wherein myv improved oil burner is used.

In the typical embodiment of my invention as it is illustrated herein, the structure is circular in plan formation, being about twelve inches in diameter and of capacity suitable for use in conventional heater units such as stoves, furnaces and the like.

The substructure consists of a cast metal circular pan whose annular wall I is provided with rim 2 and annular seat 3. A central thimble 4 5 tegrally formed downwardly directed annular 15 ilange I I. The plane of the underside of the said flange is such, with relation to the plane of the annular seat I2 on the underside of the ysaid dome, that when the combustion pot is placed in position, the said flange II and the said seat I2, rest on the seat 3 of the pan, and on the rim of the thimble 4, respectively. y

At the peak of said dome is an orifice I4 and with which communicates an oil feed pipe I5 which is screwed into position as shown in Figure 25 2. Spaced from and concentric with the said oriflcelll, is an annular race I6 and from which spiral channels I'I extend toward the base of the dome.

Provided in opposed incurved portions 20 of the 30 combustion pot, are circular openings 2| the planes of which are inclined toward the vertical axis of the dome. Each of said openings is provided with an arcuate flange 22 which constitutes a seat for the endof the air intake manifold 35 presently to be referred to. These said openings 2| are so located that the horizontal plane of their lower edges is a distance substantially above the plane of the peak of the dome, in the presen instance, about three quarters of an inch.

Means for intake and draft of the air which enters the openingsZI, consists of my improved manifold which is of the formation in plan, as shown in Figure 1, and in cross section, as shown in Figure 2. The similar tubular arms 24 and 24 whose outer ends rest on the flanges 22 and are seated in closed engagement with the openings 2 I, are in offset arrangement, the axis of each, at its inner end, being offset from the vertical axis of the said dome. Their proximate portions 50 merge and they constitute a hollow central body that embodies a downwardly directed nozzle 21 which discharges at the zone immediately above the aforesaid dome. At the underside of the roof of said hollow central body and at each side 55y the bore of the oil feed pipe.

of its vertical axis, is integrated a curved deflector 28. These deflectors are of contour to swerve the air currents as they move into the said hollow central body are so directed, that in their passing from the nozzle, the vaporization of the gases present in the zone of the body portion of the combustion pot is facilitated, and at the same time there is absence of undue air pressure at the zone immediately adjacent the oil orifice. The travel of the oppositely moving air currents being in paths offset from each other, clashing at the zone of the nozzle and where said air currents are discharged, is materially reduced, if not eliminated. Further contributing to the shielding of the oil orifice from pressure tendency of the air being drawn down through the nozzle, is the cone shaped central deflector 3|). This metal cone is integrated with a metal stem 3| which extends upwardly through a hole provided therefor in the roof of the said manifold. Edged studs 32' which protrude from the bottom of said cone, rest in the annular race l5. The downwardly disposed stem 33 which is of tool steel and is fluted, is of diameter to be suitably received in Accordingly when the stem is rotated, as by applying a suitable implement, there is the dislodgement of deposit or sediment which may have formed in the bore of the pipe or in` the race I6. Thus there is facility for the conveniently cleaning of the oil orifice and the race, without the necessity of removing any of the parts of the device.

A burner device constructed in accordance with my invention is dependable in operation, easy 1I to install, and is economical of manufacture.

Prepared for shipment and delivery to the user., it consists of the base pan, the combustion pot, which includes the stub length l5 of fuel feed pipe, the air intake manifold, and the central deector.

As illustrating the simplicity of installing, reference will be had to Figure 6 which is typical. After the base pan will have been disposed and made fast in the desired position on the grate bars of the furnace, and a packing of refractory and the stem 3| of the defiector, protruding above the said manifold.

(ilv

The oil feed line having been connected by a suitable flexible pipe to the float control valve the latter is set at such position that its oil level gauge line is coincident with the horizontal plane `indicated by the dotted line in Figure 6, and

which is about one quarter of an inch above the peak of the dome.

With the igniting of the oil and the warming of the manifold there is the induction of draft and the incident vaporization of the hydro carbons. When the manifold will have becom-e heated to operating temperature the constant draft will have become established.

The direction of the flow of the air currents 'into the air intake manifold openings 2| is indicated by the arrows in Figure 2. Unlike the burner devices embodying straight type air intake manifolds and wherein the air`currents are in direct collision at the nozzle and vaporization is impeded; the flow of the air currents into and through the manifold and the nozzle of my improved construction is practically free; and moreover, the said air curr-ents, as they enter the body portion of the manifold at the zone of the nozzle, are detoured by the deflector elements 28 and the cone'30. The zone immediately above the orifice being shielded b-y the cone there is the steady and unimpeded yielding up of the exuding oil which flows from the race down the spiral channels I1. The distributed spread of fuel oil down the sloping surfaces of the zone yields up a uniformly distributed gas vapor which, caught by the deflected air blast emanating from the nozzle, is effectively volatilized. The thimble 4 besides constituting a base upon which the combustion pot is partially supported, and whereby the dome portion of the pot is exposed to the outside air, also constitutes a barrier to prev-ent the heat of the bottom or ring portion of the combustion pot from having effect upon the temperature of the fuel inlet pip-e. This barrier being spaced rom the said fuel inlet pipe, there is at all times the presence of outside air about the pipe. The outside air within the confines of the thimble, assures the prevention of any overheating ofthe fuel inlet pipe, and it also negates any tendency of the central portion of the dome Structure of the pot to become overheated.

Through the combustion obtained by my invention, there is obtained the maximum of heat energy, with the expenditure of a minimum of fuel, and there is slight if any unconsumed gases. In case of flame extinguishment the only effect is that the oil level rises to the dotted line (see Figure 6) at which moment the float control valve automatically operates thereby cutting oif the oil supply. The air inlet openings 2| being at a plane above the maximum oil level there is no liability of derangement of the device. Upon reigniting the oil, its level is soon lowered by its being consumed, to a level below the peak of the dome, after which the float control valve again functions; this time to reestablish the feed of oil to the orifice.

Whereas I have shown and described what I consider a preferred embodiment of my invern,n

tion, it will be understood that modifications may .z 1

and having an outlet port axially aligned with the axis of the fuel orifice in the dome', the manifold tube from each seat axially offset on opposite sides of the vertical axis of the fuel orifice, and a cone located above the dome having a stem from its apex seated in a hole in the top of the manifold tube and a ribbed stem from its base seated in the fuel orifice.

WALTER C. WEANER. 

